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Authors mean different things at different times and in different contexts. For example, the authoritative Oxford English Dictionary conceives it as ‘[a] writer, and senses relating to literature’ and ‘[a] creator, cause, or source’. In 2004, Andrew Bennett suggested that ‘questioning the nature of authorship’ can be a hallmark of crises and turning points in literature.

Nearly sixty years after Roland Barthes declared ‘The Death of the Author’, conversations about AI dominate a range of discourses, and it can be increasingly challenging to determine what constitutes authorship and who or what we might consider an author and how. Can one, for example, co-write with ChatGPT? Can a natural language processing tool, with its changing methodologies and unfixed ethical frameworks, be an author? Who has a claim over the resultant intellectual property? How have fiction and poetry responded (or not) to these dynamics?

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